Correct Answer: (B) Shravakas
Notes: Shravakas are the lay or household followers of Jainism. They do not renounce family life but follow Jain teachings, observe religious practices, and support monks and nuns while living as responsible members of society.

Correct Answer: (B) Syadvada
Notes: Syadvada is the Jain doctrine of conditional truth. It teaches that reality can be viewed from different perspectives, and no single statement can fully describe the complete truth. This doctrine promotes tolerance and intellectual openness.

Correct Answer: (C) Pataliputra
Notes: An important Jain Council was held at Pataliputra to collect, organize, and preserve Jain teachings. These councils helped maintain religious texts and ensure that the teachings of the Tirthankaras were accurately passed on to future generations.

Correct Answer: (B) Chandragupta Maurya
Notes: Chandragupta Maurya is associated with the spread of Jainism. According to Jain tradition, he accepted Jain teachings later in life and supported the religion. His patronage helped Jainism expand beyond its original region.

Correct Answer: (C) Bhadrabahu
Notes: Bhadrabahu was a respected Jain monk and is believed to have been the spiritual guide of Chandragupta Maurya. Jain traditions state that Chandragupta accompanied Bhadrabahu to South India and later adopted a life of renunciation.

Correct Answer: (C) Self-discipline
Notes: Jainism places great importance on self-discipline, self-control, and ethical living. It teaches that liberation is achieved through personal effort, right conduct, and control over desires rather than through rituals, sacrifices, or external ceremonies.

Correct Answer: (C) Ardhamagadhi
Notes: Many early Jain texts were written in Ardhamagadhi, a form of Prakrit. Since it was widely understood by ordinary people, it helped spread Jain teachings more effectively than scholarly languages like Sanskrit.

Correct Answer: (A) Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha
Notes: The Five Great Vows of Jainism are Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (celibacy), and Aparigraha (non-possession). These vows guide Jain monks and followers toward ethical living and spiritual liberation.

Correct Answer: (C) Sacrifices
Notes: Jainism opposes animal sacrifices and all forms of violence. Since Ahimsa (non-violence) is its central principle, the religion rejects rituals that involve harming or killing any living creature.

Correct Answer: (D) Both men and women
Notes: The Svetambara sect believes that both men and women can attain moksha through spiritual practice, right knowledge, and right conduct. It recognizes the ability of women to achieve the highest spiritual goal directly.