Correct Answer: (B) Noble
Notes: The term “Arya” in the Vedic context means “noble” or “respectable”. It was used as a cultural and social identity rather than a racial term, reflecting values, conduct, and way of life of the Vedic people.

Correct Answer: (C) Milk products
Notes: Vedic society was largely pastoral, and milk and its products (like ghee, curd, and butter) formed the staple diet. These were supplemented by grains such as wheat and barley, along with occasional meat consumption.

Correct Answer: (C) Iron
Notes: During the Early Vedic Age, metals like gold, copper, and bronze were known and used. However, iron was not yet in use and became prominent only in the Later Vedic Period, marking a significant technological advancement.

Correct Answer: (B) 1028
Notes: The Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas, contains approximately 1028 hymns (suktas) dedicated to various deities such as Agni, Indra, and Varuna. It is the primary source of information about the Early Vedic Age.

Correct Answer: (B) Cow
Notes: The cow held the highest importance in Vedic society. It was considered sacred and was a primary measure of wealth. Cows were central to the pastoral economy, providing milk and other dairy products, and were also associated with religious and social significance.

Correct Answer: (B) Priest
Notes: The Purohita was the chief priest in Vedic society who performed religious rituals (yajnas) and acted as an important advisor to the king. He held significant influence in both religious and political matters.

Correct Answer: (C) Yajurveda
Notes: The Yajurveda is mainly composed of prose mantras that guide priests in performing sacrificial rituals (yajnas). Unlike the Rigveda (hymns) and Samaveda (melodic chants), it focuses on the practical execution of rituals.

Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Notes: The Later Vedic literature expanded significantly and included Samhitas (hymns), Brahmanas (ritualistic texts), and Upanishads (philosophical treatises). Together, they reflect the transition from ritual-based practices to deeper philosophical thought in Vedic society.

Correct Answer: (C) Upanishads
Notes: The Upanishads mark the shift from ritualistic practices to philosophical inquiry in the Later Vedic Period. They extensively discuss key concepts such as Punarjanma (rebirth), Karma (action and its consequences), and Moksha (liberation), which became foundational ideas in Indian philosophy.

Correct Answer: (B) Later Vedic
Notes: During the Later Vedic Period, political power became more centralized in the hands of kings. As monarchies strengthened and territorial kingdoms (Rashtras) emerged, the importance of popular assemblies like Sabha and Samiti gradually declined, reducing their role in governance and decision-making.