Q40. The direction of writing in the script of the Indus Valley Civilization, as inferred from seal inscriptions, was:
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Correct Answer: (B) Right to left
Notes: Most Indus inscriptions appear to be written from right to left, based on the alignment and spacing of symbols on seals. Some evidence of boustrophedon style exists, but right-to-left is the dominant and widely accepted direction.
Q41. The famous “Priest-King” statue of the Indus Valley Civilization was discovered at which site?
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Correct Answer: (B) Mohenjo-daro
Notes: The “Priest-King” statue was found at Mohenjo-daro. It is a bearded male figure with a decorated robe, possibly representing an elite or ritual authority, though its exact identity remains uncertain.
Q42. Which animal, frequently depicted on seals and associated with strength and possible religious symbolism in the Indus Valley Civilization, is considered a sacred symbol?
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Correct Answer: (B) Bull
Notes: The bull, especially the humped (zebu) bull, appears prominently on Harappan seals. Its repeated depiction suggests symbolic or religious significance, possibly representing power, fertility, and economic importance in agrarian life.
Q43. The geographical extent of the Indus Valley Civilization primarily covered which modern regions?
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Correct Answer: (B) India & Pakistan
Notes: The civilization mainly flourished across present-day Pakistan (Sindh, Punjab) and northwestern India (Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan). Though its influence extended slightly beyond, its core urban centers were concentrated in these two regions.
Q44. The economic transactions in the Indus Valley Civilization were primarily based on which system, in the absence of coinage?
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Correct Answer: (B) Barter system
Notes: No evidence of coins or currency has been found at Harappan sites. Trade was likely conducted through barter, exchanging goods like beads, metals, and agricultural produce, supported by standardized weights and measures for fair transactions.
Q45. Which is considered the largest known site of the Indus Valley Civilization based on recent archaeological findings?
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Correct Answer: (C) Rakhigarhi
Notes: Rakhigarhi is regarded as the largest Harappan site discovered so far, surpassing Mohenjo-daro in area. Excavations reveal extensive urban planning, craft production, and habitation, highlighting its prominence in the civilization.
Q46. The Indus Valley Civilization is primarily characterized as which type of civilization based on its well-planned cities and infrastructure?
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Correct Answer: (B) Urban
Notes: The civilization is known for its highly developed urban features like grid-pattern streets, drainage systems, citadels, and standardized construction. Major cities such as Mohenjo-daro reflect advanced town planning and civic organization.
Q47. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the Indus Valley Civilization?
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Correct Answer: (C) Iron tools
Notes: The Harappans belonged to the Bronze Age and used copper and bronze tools. Iron technology was unknown to them and appeared later in the subcontinent, while grid planning, drainage systems, and seals were key features of their urban culture.
Q48. The Indus Valley Civilization is classified under which cultural period based on its use of metals and technology?
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Correct Answer: (B) Bronze Age
Notes: The Harappans extensively used bronze (an alloy of copper and tin) for tools, weapons, and artifacts. Iron was not known, placing the civilization firmly in the Bronze Age with advanced metallurgy and craftsmanship.
Q49. The religious practices of the Indus Valley Civilization, as inferred from seals, figurines, and symbols, mainly emphasized:
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Correct Answer: (B) Nature worship
Notes: Evidence like the Peepal tree, animal motifs, and fertility figurines suggests reverence for natural forces. The absence of grand temples indicates religion was likely centered on nature, fertility, and household rituals rather than organized temple worship.
Q50. The most distinctive and advanced feature of the Indus Valley Civilization, often highlighted in comparison with other contemporary civilizations, is:
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Correct Answer: (B) Drainage system
Notes: The Harappans developed one of the world’s most advanced urban sanitation systems, with covered drains, soak pits, and planned waste disposal. Cities like Mohenjo-daro showcase remarkable civic engineering unmatched in the ancient world.